Notice: Undefined index: preload-paths:/list-by-author/Marianne Freiberger and Rachel Thomas in Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend->getMultiple() (line 121 of core/lib/Drupal/Core/Cache/DatabaseBackend.php).
Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend->getMultiple(Array, ) (Line: 92)
Drupal\Core\Cache\DatabaseBackend->get('preload-paths:/list-by-author/Marianne Freiberger and Rachel Thomas ') (Line: 211)
Drupal\path_alias\AliasManager->getAliasByPath('/node/7190', 'und') (Line: 47)
Drupal\path_alias\PathProcessor\AliasPathProcessor->processOutbound('/node/7190', Array, Object, Object) (Line: 108)
Drupal\Core\PathProcessor\PathProcessorManager->processOutbound('/node/7190', Array, Object, Object) (Line: 388)
Drupal\Core\Routing\UrlGenerator->processPath('/node/7190', Array, Object) (Line: 297)
Drupal\Core\Routing\UrlGenerator->generateFromRoute('entity.node.canonical', Array, Array, 1) (Line: 105)
Drupal\Core\Render\MetadataBubblingUrlGenerator->generateFromRoute('entity.node.canonical', Array, Array, 1) (Line: 765)
Drupal\Core\Url->toString(1) (Line: 182)
Drupal\Core\Utility\LinkGenerator->generate(Object, Object) (Line: 95)
Drupal\Core\Render\Element\Link::preRenderLink(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 934)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\EntityField->render_item(0, Array) (Line: 1171)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->advancedRender(Object) (Line: 238)
template_preprocess_views_view_field(Array, 'views_view_field', Array)
call_user_func_array('template_preprocess_views_view_field', Array) (Line: 287)
Drupal\Core\Theme\ThemeManager->render('views_view_field', Array) (Line: 433)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 1748)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\field\FieldPluginBase->theme(Object) (Line: 774)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->elementPreRenderRow(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array) (Line: 713)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderFields(Array) (Line: 579)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->renderGrouping(Array, Array, 1) (Line: 470)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\style\StylePluginBase->render(Array) (Line: 2169)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\DisplayPluginBase->render() (Line: 1538)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->render() (Line: 199)
Drupal\views\Plugin\views\display\Page->execute() (Line: 1635)
Drupal\views\ViewExecutable->executeDisplay('page_1', Array) (Line: 81)
Drupal\views\Element\View::preRenderViewElement(Array)
call_user_func_array(Array, Array) (Line: 101)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doTrustedCallback(Array, Array, 'Render #pre_render callbacks must be methods of a class that implements \Drupal\Core\Security\TrustedCallbackInterface or be an anonymous function. The callback was %s. See https://www.drupal.org/node/2966725', 'exception', 'Drupal\Core\Render\Element\RenderCallbackInterface') (Line: 788)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doCallback('#pre_render', Array, Array) (Line: 374)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->doRender(Array, ) (Line: 204)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->render(Array, ) (Line: 242)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\{closure}() (Line: 580)
Drupal\Core\Render\Renderer->executeInRenderContext(Object, Object) (Line: 243)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->prepare(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 132)
Drupal\Core\Render\MainContent\HtmlRenderer->renderResponse(Array, Object, Object) (Line: 90)
Drupal\Core\EventSubscriber\MainContentViewSubscriber->onViewRenderArray(Object, 'kernel.view', Object)
call_user_func(Array, Object, 'kernel.view', Object) (Line: 142)
Drupal\Component\EventDispatcher\ContainerAwareEventDispatcher->dispatch(Object, 'kernel.view') (Line: 174)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handleRaw(Object, 1) (Line: 81)
Symfony\Component\HttpKernel\HttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 58)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\Session->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\KernelPreHandle->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 191)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->fetch(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 128)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->lookup(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 82)
Drupal\page_cache\StackMiddleware\PageCache->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 48)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\ReverseProxyMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 51)
Drupal\Core\StackMiddleware\NegotiationMiddleware->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 23)
Stack\StackedHttpKernel->handle(Object, 1, 1) (Line: 718)
Drupal\Core\DrupalKernel->handle(Object) (Line: 19)
List by Author: Marianne Freiberger and Rachel Thomas
By the 1970s physicists had successfully tamed three of the fundamental forces using a sophisticated construct called quantum field theory. The trouble was that the framework seemed to fall apart when you looked at very high or very low energy scales. So how could these be thought of as valid theories? It's a question physicists are still grappling with today.
The early 1950s were an experimental gold mine for physicists, with new particles produced in accelerators almost every week. Yet the strong nuclear force that acted between them defied theoretical description, sending physicists on a long and arduous journey that culminated in several Nobel prizes and the exotic concept of "asymptotic freedom".
Is the Universe finite or infinite? Is there infinity inside a black hole? Is space infinitely divisible or is there a shortest length? We talk to philosophers and physicists to find out.