How does a smooth flow suddenly become turbulent? The Reynolds number helps understand the transition.

Dive into the maths of turbulence!

How does water, or indeed any fluid, move? The Euler equations let us look beneath the surface and mark the beginning of modern fluid dynamics.

The mathematical equations governing fluid flow may have no known solutions, but maths still has the answers!

New research shows that ventilation is crucial and that masks are effective.

How far can virus-carrying droplets fly in different environments — from buses to supermarkets? Maths can provide some answers.

How do green algae manage a perfect breaststroke even though they haven't got a brain? The maths of synchronisation explains and even sheds light on human physiology and evolution.

We can't let penguin awareness day pass without a look at some penguin maths.

Sara Zahedi has won a prestigious prize at the European Congress of Maths. Your future medical diagnoses, and even the welfare of sea life, may depend on her work.

The mathematical problem with turbulence.

As your cereal tumbled into your bowl this morning, were you daydreaming of sand dunes or snowy mountains? It wouldn't be surprising given the drab grey skies outside. But now you have another excuse: the cereal, sand and snow can all be examples of granular flows.

Ocean waves are not moving walls of water. Instead, it's some kind of energy that moves along. But then, what happens to the water itself? This isn't just an idle question to ponder while watching the ocean — its answer may help protect us from it too. And it requires some sophisticated maths.